Nueva México or Nuevo México

Nueva Mã ©xico or Nuevo Mã ©xico Both Nueva Mã ©xico or Nuevo Mã ©xicoâ are in genuinely basic use, and a contention can even be made for a third spelling, Nuevo Mã ©jico. Be that as it may, the most grounded contention rests with Nuevo Mã ©xico, for two primary reasons: Nuevo Mã ©xico is the spelling utilized by the Diccionario de la lengua espaã ±ola, the Royal Spanish Academys word reference and the nearest thing there is to a universally acknowledged standard for the language.Nuevo Mã ©xico is the spelling that seems, by all accounts, to be favored by the New Mexico state government. While the female structure can be found every so often on state-run sites, the manly structure is far, unquestionably increasingly normal. Both the manly and female structures have a long history. The primary notable book about the zone - an epic sonnet and travelog - was Historia de la Nueva Mã ©xico composed by Capitn Gaspar de Villagr in 1610. In fact, numerous more seasoned works utilize the female structure, while the manly structure prevails today. The default sexual orientation for place names is manly for place names that dont end in an unstressed - a. Be that as it may, the New spot names are a typical special case - for instance, New York is Nueva York and New Jersey is Nueva Jersey. New Orleans is Nueva Orlens, despite the fact that that can be clarified by its induction from the French name, which is female. Both Nueva Hampshire and Nuevo Hampshire are utilized in alluding to New Hampshire. Theres a Nueva Londres in Paraguay, and the city of New London in Connecticut is once in a while alluded to by that name also in Spanish-language messages. Maybe it is the impact of the numerous Nueva place names that empowers proceeded with utilization of Nueva Mã ©xico in well known discourse and composing. With regards to the utilization of Nuevo Mã ©jico (the articulation is equivalent to for Nuevo Mã ©xico, where the x is articulated like the Spanish j, not as in English), its thought about a satisfactory spelling by the Academy. Its the spelling utilized in state law for the promise to the state banner and in the Spanish-language state tune. Be that as it may, there is additionally a bilingual state melody, and it utilizes the spelling Nuevo Mã ©xico. So take your pick.

Epicurus and Marxs View on Meaningful life Essay -- alienation theory

In Marx’s hypothesis of â€Å"alienation† it features on his examination of distanced work did by political economy, and considers specialist to be a wretchedness instrument for ware creation .This paper will look at the differentiating viewpoint given by Marx and Epicurus for a decent and important life, and will recommend that Marx’s see is more influential than Epicurus, specifically on the grounds that Marx’s idea identifies with our contemporary social wonders which are substantially more indistinguishable in what we are encountering today. To be sure, this paper will stress two contentions which unmistakably are diverse among Marx and Epicurus’ see on life. To begin with, Marx’s sees the purpose of life has integrated with certain sorts of movement like work and materialistic thought, where Epicurus centers around one’s experience, for example, delight, examination and companionship. Furthermore, Marx doesn't consider astuteness is significant, where Epicurus thinks shrewdness is a key to accomplish satisfaction throughout everyday life. Marx’s perspective on distance is a reaction to political economy and free enterprise, and which has built up a significant connection among human, creation, and reality with human instinct. He sees laborers pick work to look after life; work is certainly not a deliberate thing. Individuals make items that don't have a place with them, and they work to fulfill the other’s need (eg. processing plant proprietors), not their own, and were viewed as â€Å"forced labor†. Along these lines, as it were work turns into a way people separate from their human instinct. (p. 51,52) The demonstration of creation in a way distances laborers from their exercises. Laborers are estranged from the item they were delivered, the greater efficiency a specialist accomplishes the more the person loses the idea of individuals. Since the item isn't the making of their own, laborers bec... ...intain our fundamental expectations for everyday comforts. I feel like we live the distanced social structure like Marx portrays. Business paid representatives with rate in hours, working timetables; we have cutoff times, and work destinations. However, we despite everything invest the vast majority of our energy at work and produce items or offer types of assistance which are not having a place with us. Works Cited Epicurus (1), Letter to Menoeceus in Jackman (ed), Phil 1100: The importance of Life, Course Kit, York University 2013, pp. 25-26. Epicurus (2), Guideline Doctrines in Jackman (ed), Phil 1100: The significance of Life, Course Kit, York University 2013, pp. 27-29. Jackman, H. 2013 (1). Karl Marx, Lecture Notes, York University, 2013. Jackman. H. 2013 (2). â€Å"Epicurus†. Talk Notes. York Univeristy. 2013 Marx, Alienated Labor. (1844). In Jackman (ed), Phil 1100: The importance of Life, Course Kit, York University 2013, pp. 51-54

How Poor Communication Causes Stress

How Poor Communication Causes Stress Stress Management Relationship Stress Print How Poor Communication Causes Stress By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on August 17, 2019 FangXiaNuo/istock More in Stress Management Relationship Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationshipsâ€"both romantic and platonicâ€"at their best, can be one of the strongest sources of happiness and stress relief, offering positive experiences, keeping our moods high and steady, and creating a source of support when times are tough. At their worst, however, relationships can feel toxic and can be a significant source of stress, either the constant, low-grade type, the intermittent stress that creates some measure of anxiety even when things are going well, or a variety of other forms of stress. Much of what can make a relationship stressful or stress relieving is the type of communication that holds the relationship together. Healthy communication can enable us to weather nearly any storm and can keep things running smoothly on a day-to-day basis. If communication is open and clear, small problems are dealt with quickly and easily, and the relationship moves on. When communication is less healthy, small problems can become larger problems and resentment can grow. Here are some unhealthy types of communication to avoid, and how they create stress. You’ll also find healthier ways to communicate in all of your relationships. What Constitutes Poor Communication Not Really Listening: There are several forms of poor listening, and they all wear away at relationships in one way or another. There’s the lazy listening of someone who isn’t really paying attention but is politely saying, “Uh-huh…uh-huh.” This is only mildly detrimental, but it can damage a relationship when its one-sided or chronic, and when one partner realizes that much of what they say isn’t really being heard or remembered. This can make a person feel less valued than they’d like. More damaging is the type of poor listening where an important discussion is taking place and one person is merely waiting for their turn to talk rather than really hearing what their partner is saying. This creates a situation where listening isn’t really happening, so understanding cannot take place. This wastes both people’s time and brings them no closer to one another when personal details are being shared, and no closer to a resolution when done in an important discussion. Perhaps the most damaging form of poor listening is when one person simply refuses to listen or even try to understand the other side. This happens all too often and creates a standoff situation more often than not. How It Creates Stress:  This can range from leaving one partner feeling that their time is wasted  to feeling devalued, to feeling hopeless in the relationship when it comes to feeling heard or understood. What to Try Instead:  Try to be present, first and foremost, when you communicate. Use active listening strategies like repeating back what you understand of what the other person has said. Try to validate feelings, and try to be sure you’re truly listening as much as you’d like to be heard. It’s more than worth the effort. Passive-Aggressive Communication This form of communication can show itself in many ways as well. One partner can undermine the other by agreeing to do something and then “forgetting,” or seeming to agree, but saying the opposite the next time the subject comes up. Passive-aggressiveness can also show itself by constant disagreement over small issues, particularly in front of others. How It Creates Stress: This can be stressful in part because passive-aggressiveness is hard to address; it can be easily denied, creating a “gaslighting” situation. It can also create low-grade stress to feel you’re communicating with someone who doesn’t understand or won’t remember what is said or simply doesn’t care. What to Try Instead: Again, active listening can help here. Also helpful is direct communication, where you directly discuss if you have a disagreement or an issue with someone. Using I messages can help others understand how you feel as well. This may seem like the conflict at the moment, but it actually circumvents long-term conflict by resolving issues as they arise. Aggressive Communication Aggressive communication involves overtly hostile communication, including criticism or even name-calling. It devalues the other person overtly, leaving people feeling defensive and leaving no veil over the overt conflict. How It Creates Stress: It never feels good to be attacked. Those using aggressive communication tactics are more interested in power and “winning” rather than coming to an understanding. This brings the conflict to a new level and makes mutual understanding elusive.   What to Try Instead: If you find yourself being aggressive, it’s time to stop and try to understand who you’re talking to, seeing their side as well. If you find yourself on the receiving end of aggressiveness  and can’t get the person to understand your perspective, it may be time to distance yourself and use assertive communication techniques when necessary. Setting boundaries is a must.

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty - 1261 Words

I) In this Term Paper I will be arguing Capital Punishment. I will attempt to remain unbiased in my writing until my closing; in which I will weigh in with my statement. a) Prof. Van den Haag was quoted from â€Å"Death or Life, New Arguments Against Capital Punishment?,† National Review, Feb. 8th, 1985 as saying; I can not accept the abolitionist belief that there is no crime horrible enough to deserve capital punishment. On the contrary, there are far more crimes that do than there are death sentences. All the more reason not to spare the few who do receive it. b) The Death Penalty has been an issue of ethical debate for centuries. While seen as archaic by some, it is seen as a justifiable evil by others. Yet some see it as the only true and effective method of deterring murder. c) Around the world, in the Medieval Era, citizens would gather to witness an execution. In current times the Death Penalty is nearly a taboo subject. As sensitive a subject of discussion as Abortion, Religion, Politics, Racism and Gay Marriage. Varying arguments can be found in varying degrees. Should the Death Penalty be abolished, or should its utilization b e increased? d) The Death Penalty in The United States has its proverbial head in the proverbial guillotine. Is the Death Penalty an Ethical and Moral option? II) Lex Talionis is a term for retributive justice used in lieu of metaphors such as â€Å"An Eye for an Eye.† III) Prof. Van den Haag reasons that the smallestShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1482 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. McElmoyl 12/12/14 Capital Punishment As stated by former governor of New York, Mario M. Cuomo, Always I have concluded the death penalty is wrong because it lowers us all; it is a surrender to the worst that is in us; it uses a power- the official power to kill by execution- that has never brought back a life, need inspired anything but hate. (Cuomo 1) This is one of the main arguments against capital punishment (also known as the death sentence.) Capital punishment is the ability for a governmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment931 Words   |  4 Pageswritten down (Robert). The death penalty was applied for a particularly wide range of crimes. The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses. Historically, the death sentence was often handled with torture, and executions, except that it was done in public. In this century, the death penalty, execution or capital punishment, whatever you’d like to refer it as, is the result for committing capital crimes or capital offences and it is not in public. The death penalty has been practiced byRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1410 Words   |  6 PagesCapital Punishment in America In 1976 the Supreme Court of the United States of America ruled the Death Penalty constitutionally permissible. 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Some may say CapitalRead MoreThe Death Penalty And Capital Punishment1569 Words   |  7 Pagesthe death penalty also referred to as capital punishment. The death penalty is both useless and harmful to not only criminals but also their potential victims. This paper uses these horrific facts to try and convince the reader that the death penalty should be done away with before it is too late, although that time may have already come. With supporting evidence to support my cause, I hope that the following information sways at least one reader to see the harm of keeping the death penalty an activeRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1235 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is capital punishment? Why do people support it, but yet people cherish lives? Is it a moral thing to do? Should one be for or against the Death Penalty? Let’s take a look deep into the world of justices and why capital punishment still exists in today’s society. Capital punishment or the death penalty is a feder al punishment given to criminals who are convicted of murders. It is the highest law punishment available that can prevent future murders by developing fear within them. Capital punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesName: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the death penalty, while over 50 countries stillRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Capital Punishment1271 Words   |  6 Pages What is the death penalty? The death penalty is a capital punishment that is punishable by death or execution. This is usually given to people that have committed serious offences or capital crimes. There are 31 states in the United States that are for the death penalty. Crimes that are punishable by the death penalty, vary from state to state. Examples of such crimes are; first degree murder or premeditated murder, murder with special circumstances, such as: intende d, multiple, and murder whichRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1539 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty, has been the center of debate for a long time. Capital punishment may be defined as the â€Å"[e]xecution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense† (Capital Punishment). Up until 1846, when Michigan became the first to abolish the death sentence, all states allowed legal practice of capital punishment by the government (States). Currently, there 32 states still supporting the death penalty and 18Read MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crim e. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals

Taking a Look at Holden Vehicles - 937 Words

The antiquity of Holden can be found back from 1856, as soon as James Alexander Holden started as a saddlery business in Adelaide, South Australia. The business then evolved over a period of years, developing from mending cars’ upholstery to the complete invention of automobile body shells. The company then became the exclusive dealer of American car manufacturer General Motors in Australia. By the year of 1920 Holden started to supply trams cars for Melbourne. On 1931, Holden merged with the American Car manufacturer, General Motors and become General Motors-Holdens Limited (GM-H). In 1936, Holden opened a new HQ and assembly plant at Fisherman’s Bend in Port Melbourne. Holden was also considered as one of the only seven fully integrated global GM operations that designs, builds and sells vehicles for Australia and the world (Holden, 2010). †¢ Reason for The closure of the GM Holden. Recently on 11 December 2013, Holden announced that it would stop production of Holden vehicles in Australia. The decision by the auto transnational signals a massive escalation in the assault on the living standards and social rights of the employed class across Australia. The entire Australian car industry aspects the potential of being liquidated, with hundreds of thousands of jobs destroyed. The General Motors answered that the Australian Dollar, high cost of production, limited and small domestic market and possibly the extremely challenging and fragmented market in the world are theShow MoreRelatedHolden : An Australian Automobile Manufacturer1438 Words   |  6 Pages HOLDEN GM Holden Ltd known as Holden, is an Australian automobile manufacturer that operates in Australasia having it s headquarter in Port Melbourne, Victoria. The firm was initiated in 1856 as a saddlery manufacturer (as J.A. Holden Co.) in South Australia by James Alexander Holden. Later in 1885, German-born H.A. Frost joined the business as a junior partner and the firm was renamed to Holden Frost Ltd. However the company was given kick-start by Holden s grandson who had an interestRead MoreImpact Of Globalisation In Australia1479 Words   |  6 Pagestrade, with considerable growth in manufacturing and service industries, with limited growth in the rural sector. The car manufacturing industry in Australia had high levels of protection in motor vehicles, with an effective rate of protection, in excess of 200% and 57.5% for passenger motor vehicles, since the 1950s. However, the cuts in protection enabled an increase in imports, but the increased efficiency has led to a comparable r ise in exports. Globalisation has benefited the consumer, atRead MoreComplex Adaptive Systems Theory ( Cas )1212 Words   |  5 Pagesinterprofessional education and collaboration. A growing number of theorists and researchers emphasize that people are complex systems who do not behave in linear fashions and that planning for and within healthcare requires understanding relationships and taking a flexible approach to problem-solving (Cunningham et al., 2002; Brown, 2006; Holt et al., 2007; Cacioppe Stace, 2009; Judge et al., 2011; Weinberg et al., 2011). Complexity theory is well established in a range of disciplines other than healthcareRead MoreAnalysis : Holden And Chevy Silverado 2500hd. Product Analysis Essay1979 Words   |  8 PagesHolden Chevy Silverado 2500HD Product Analysis This essay will use a semiotic analysis approach in order to send a message to the buyer and to the rest of the world. An analysis of cultural myths will be conducted on how males, automotive and nature are often seen and used in advertisement. An understanding of social and political views will be discussed in conjunction with the common consumerism view in different advertisement. â€Å"Signs may take the form of words, images, sounds odours, flavoursRead More How Humans and Robots are Presented in Blade Runner Essay example2983 Words   |  12 Pagesthousands of city lights flickering in the misty night air. Futuristic vehicles cruise through the darkened polluted sky where the sun doesnt shine. The image of a dystopia is conjured up in our minds, which emphasises the technological decay the world of this time is going through. Barely visible in the distance are two huge fortress like buildings with spotlights shining out of their tops. The camera then looks up at them emphasising their size. Then the camera cuts to anRead MoreThe Economy And Specific Markets2109 Words   |  9 Pagesanalysis of consumer reactions to changes in product prices and how firms decide what prices to charge† (Hubbard et.al, 2013, pg.14). Consumer demand for cars, consumer income, payment options available to the consumer and the cost of running the vehicle are all factors in which contribute to microeconomic analysis of the current car market. Consumer Demand for Cars Cars play a pivotal role in today’s society. Having a car means that the individual has increased independence and security, and areRead MoreReflection Paper On High Socioeconomic Students Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesstill needed and how I can become more active in addressing the needs locally. I hope to help future students and their families that might need extra support with the knowledge I hope to gain after this plunge. I also hope to inspire students to look for ways to help in their local communities. Interview George Culley is the president and owner of Least of the Brethren pantry. Mr. Culley and his wife started this ministry seventeen years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Culley knew there was a need and decidedRead MoreCase Study of Automobile Industry5967 Words   |  24 PagesCase Study of Automobile Industry Research on General Motors Description of Automobile Industry: Automobile industry is the modern manufacturing industry including commercial vehicles (CVs), cars, three-wheelers and two-wheelers segments. The automotive industry has been playing a leading role in spurring growth in economies throughout the world since the industrial revolution. It is a sector characterized by not only tremendous potential growth, but also very high profile trade disputes, andRead MoreEssay on General Motors2671 Words   |  11 Pagescompany. General Motors produces cars and trucks in nearly 31 countries and sells them through these brands, they are: Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Opel, Vauxhall, Daewoo, Isuzu, Wuling and Holden. The worldwide ranking of automobiles is done per year by International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, GM ranked second on the list with 8.5 million units sold in 2010 ( 50 Companies that changed the whole World, Pg. 14). Background of the Company: General Motors was founded in theRead MoreEssay about Ethics and Strengths of the Gm Company2106 Words   |  9 Pagesboth cars and trucks in 31 countries. â€Å"GM also sell and service many of these vehicles through the following brands:   Baojun, Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, FAW, GMC, Daewoo, Holden, Isuzu, Jiefang, Opel, Vauxhall, and Wuling (NA, 2011).† GMs leading market nationally is China. After China is the United States, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, and Russia. â€Å"GMs On Star subsidiary is the industry leader in vehicle safety, security and information services (NA, 2011).† It is because of good

Micro Operation at Airlines Free Essays

_____________________________________________________________________ B200B TMA Spring 2013 _____________________________________________________________________ Question: ‘The airline industry has firms which can be great examples of operations management. There are processes and resources to manage very carefully in order to have satisfactory outputs and results’. Analyze the above statement using examples from B200B material and an airline company, and discuss in particular the following issues: managing micro-operations for an airliner, handling emergencies and delays, serving passengers, reservations handling, baggage handling, meals, maintenance, training of crew†¦ (100 Marks) NOTES TO STUDENTS Cut-off date: Submit this assignment no later than 27 April, 2013. We will write a custom essay sample on Micro Operation at Airlines or any similar topic only for you Order Now Word count: 1500 words (plus or minus 10%). Referencing: You must acknowledge all your sources of information using full Harvard Style Referencing (in-text referencing plus list of references at the end). Use E-library: to get journal articles on the topic (using Emerald or EBSCO). Use at least 2 or 3 articles. Plagiarism: It is very important to use your own words. Plagiarism will lead to a significant loss of marks. Extensive plagiarism could mean that you failed your TMA. Plagiarism means copying from internet, from unreferenced sources, from other students’ TMAs or any other source. Penalties for plagiarism ranges from failure in the TMA to expulsion from the university. Answering: Your response to the question should take the form of a full essay format divided into a number of paragraphs with introduction and conclusion without subheadings and bullet points. Use B200 ‘reader three’ chapters (Processes), especially chapters 1, 2, 4. Also search information on a specific airline company and use E-library. This TMA is 20% of B200B Grade. How to cite Micro Operation at Airlines, Papers

The Effect of Cyber-Crime and One Way to Fight Back free essay sample

Also during this study it was discovered that there had been a huge Increase of cyber-attacks, approximately 48 percent, with around 102 of them being successful per week. The number of successful attacks per week in 2010 was only around 50. More than 78 percent of the annual cybercafà © can be labeled as denial of service, malicious code, malevolent insiders, and stolen or hijacked devices. Businesses have no choice but to spend an increasing amount of money, time, and energy In order to protect themselves against these cyber-attacks that seem to be reaching unsustainable levels.Even though some companies are finding ways to lower the cost of security measures, the cost of time and energy spent cannot be eased. No matter what the solution is, it will always take time to incorporate any security and energy to maintain those securities. Additional key findings include: * Information theft and business disruption continue to represent the highest external costs. On an annual basis, information theft accounts for 44 percent of total external costs, up 4 percent from 2011. Disruption to business or lost productivity accounted for 30 percent of external costs, up 1 percent from 2011. Deploying advanced security intelligence solutions can mitigate the impact of cyber-attacks. Organizations that deployed security information and event management (SEEM) solutions realized a cost savings of nearly $1. 6 million per year. As a result, these organizations experienced a substantially lower cost of recovery, detection and containment than organizations that had not deployed SEEM solutions. * Cyber- attacks can be costly If not resolved quickly. The average time to resolve a cyber- attack is 24 days, but it can take up to 50 days according to this years study.The average cost incurred during this 24-day period was $591 ,780, representing a 42 percent increase over last years estimated average cost of $41 5,748 during an 18-day average resolution period. * Recovery and detection remain the most costly internal activities associated with cybercafà ©. On an annual basis, these activities account for almost half of the total Internal cost, with operating expenses and labor representing reported that cybercafà © is costing its 200,000 members a combined 785 million euros which breaks down to about 3,750 euros for every small business.Often these raids are carried out by a customer, client, or so-called card not present situations. Insider Security Threats An insider security threat is a malicious attack by a trusted employee, former employee, business partner or any contractor who had or has access to the organizations system, data, or network and intentionally misuses or exceeds the access given by the organization, in order to harm and affect the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of the organizations information system.Cyber-crimes committed by malicious insiders are among the most significant threats to networked yester a nd data. When developing policies and procedures for responding to cyber security events, it is important to consider the insider threat. As increased information-sharing exposes sensitive information to more insiders, such attacks will become an increasingly serious threat. With the seriousness of this problem growing the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Secret Service and other federal agencies came together to sponsor an advanced research project looking into insider security threats. These agencies put members of the Insider Threat Center at Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute (CERT.) in charge of conducting and reporting this research. The goal was to develop and transition socio-technical solutions to combat insider cyber threats. By using previous case files that were provided by the U. S. Secret Service, they were able to analyze actual events of insider fraud, from the beginning to the sentencing. The researchers were then able to compare the most common security controls used to help prevent future internal as well as external attacks. Their research will be able to help impasses with creating informed decisions towards risk management. This information also helps local law enforcement agencies in their cyber-crime investigations.The foundation of their work is their database of more than 700 insider threat cases. They are able to use system dynamics modeling to characterize the nature of the insider threat problem, explore dynamic indicators of insider threat risk, and identify and experiment with administrative and technical controls for insider threat mitigation. The CERT. insider threat lab provides a foundation to identify, tune, and package technical controls as an extension of the modeling efforts.We have developed an assessment framework based on the fraud, theft of intellectual property, and IT sabotage case data that we have used to help organizations identify their technical and unethical vulnerabilities to insider threats as well as executable countermeasures. The Insider Threat Security Reference Architecture (TSAR) provides an enterprise-wide solution to insider threat. The architecture consists of four security layers: Business, Information, Data, and Application. Organizations should deploy and enforce controls at each layer to address insider attacks.None of the layers function in isolation or independently of other layers. Rather, the correlation of indicators and application of controls across all four layers form the crux of this approach. Empirical data consisting of more than damage when an organization failed to implement adequate controls in any of three security principles: authorized access, acceptable use, and continuous monitoring. The TSAR draws from existing best practices and standards as well as from analysis of these cases to provide actionable guidance for organizations to improve their posture against the insider threat.The HP Insider Threat solution gives you visibility into potential insider threats from within by identifying users who deviate from behavior normal for their roles or engage in risky activity. It also enables you to automate the enforcement of security controls, quickly cutting off access to risky users. By detecting abuses and anomalies in the behavior of high-risk, high-profile, or high-privilege users and taking action quickly, you significantly reduce your risk of cyber espionage as well and damage caused from within. Biometrics Law Enforcement is not the only ones using fingerprints anymore. Today they are being used by more and more corporations in the battle against cyber-crimes, internal and external. With the advancements of biometric technology, the press or swipe recognizes an individuals unique fingerprint that allows that person to access only what they are cleared to access and keeping them from the information they should not be accessing. A Tampa-based company, Real-time North America, has begun to use this growing technological advancement to help business of all sizes and even helping government agencies tighten up their security.Some of Real-times linens include the Polk County School District and the Bread County government as well as national clients such as Marathon Oil and Purdue Pharmacy. Thomas Undergone, the companys chief operations officer, stated It generally turns their mindset upside down because we show them something they didnt think was possible, referring to the companys biometric-based system marketed under the brand name Bullock. Although this system costs around $100,000 installed, Kenneth D. Pete Gun, who also was the one to recommend this technology to the government of Bread County, said The benefit is that the computer administrator an assign by terminal who has access to the information, and they have a recorded database, which shows who has access to data, when they accessed it, for how long and for what purpose, Gun also said, If theres ever an investigation into who released information, they have a handle on it. Biometrics has even taken the U. S.Department of Defense by storm, both as a tool to fight war on the battlefield and as a way to make its business practices more efficient. The director of the Armys Biometrics Identity Management Agency, Myra Gray, stated that biometrics has come an integral part of a soldiers mission, allowing troops to identify potential threats and confirm the link between name and face. You can identify an individual and associate him with certain actions. In this case you are able to figure out the associates of an individual as well as what they may have been involved in together.For an example, it makes it possible to find a link between such events as an Improvised Explosive Device (DE) and a protest, even though they happen in two different places. It builds a picture of what has gone on. Biometrics, of course, is the behavioral characteristics. The military uses iris, facial, palm and voice characteristics in the field. Now the Pentagon has begun to exploit the use of biometrics at home. Just like in the combat zone, where biometrics are used to grant people access to secure facilities, the Defense department is using them in its own facilities as a type of universal access.Every member of the military, their families and civilian employees have a common access identification card that is embedded with their fingerprints. For example: * At Gelling Air Force Base, Flag. , the Air Force uses a device that scans hand prints to Lear veterans who are receiving treatment at the Veterans Affairs clinic for access to the base hospital. * At Fort Believe, Va. , the Army uses iris scanning technology to provide Kyles entry to sensitive areas. The Navy uses biometrics equipment to confirm identifies as they board foreign vessels. But biometric technology is becoming better, and the military is already experimenting with new uses, such as the ability to scan people on the fly without requiring them to touch anything or stop moving. With the continuing strides that are being made by biometrics to help secure ND protect companies information as well as your own information, the future begins to look a little brighter towards regaining control from hackers and other malicious attacks.

Who Is More Tragic, Creon or Antigone Research Paper Example

Who Is More Tragic, Creon or Antigone? Paper The Imperfect Hero For many people who knew Pat Tillman, he was an American Hero, who forestalled his professional football career and joined the army after seeing his country attacked on 911. He valiantly fought for his country and for his beliefs, and even when Pat died in Afghanistan in 2004, his memory lives on in the minds of many people. According to Aristotle, the hero is not a true hero like Pat Tillman, but rather a person who has serious flaws that lead to the downfall of the character. In Antigone, both Creon and Antigone share some tragic elements: tragic hero, hamartia, hubris, and nemesis. However, Creon is a more tragic hero than Antigone because his character has tragic elements that are absent from the character of Antigone: anagnorisis, peripeteia, and catharsis. There are many tragic elements that both Creon and Antigone share. According to Aristotle, the hero must be a character of high birth or national prominence. Since Antigone is royalty and Creon is the present king, both characters qualify for this requirement. Both characters also commit hubris and the hamartia of stubbornness. And because of their stubbornness, both Creon and Antigone could not escape their nemesis – fate (Sophocles 59). Despite sharing some of the tragic elements with Creon, Antigone does not have the tragic element of anagnorisis. Antigone consistently believes that she has made the right choice. In the beginning she believes that burying Polynices is the right decision and in the end she still says what she has done is â€Å"all for reverence, my reverence for the gods! (Sophocles 107). In contrast, Creon’s character clearly has anagnorisis. From the start, Creon believes forbidding Polynices’ burial is a correct decision even though it goes against the tradition of burial of the dead and goes against the laws of the gods; however, he later realizes that he is wrong and says â€Å"†¦ it’s best to keep the established laws to the very day we die. † (Sophocles 117). He tries to bu ry Polynices and set Antigone free, but his recognition is too late, and Creon has to suffer the next tragic element. We will write a custom essay sample on Who Is More Tragic, Creon or Antigone? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who Is More Tragic, Creon or Antigone? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who Is More Tragic, Creon or Antigone? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Unlike Antigone, Creon has to suffer the reversal of his fortune: both his son and wife commit suicide. His reversal of fortune is caused unwittingly by the error of judgment of going against the rules of the gods. In contrast, Antigone does not seem to have the tragic element of peripeteia. As soon as Antigone is caught by the guard, her fate is sealed for the rest of the play. It could be argued that her peripeteia is the moment she gets caught. However, it seems that her fate has already been determined long before that, when she decides to bury Polynices saying, â€Å"I will bury him myself. (Sophocles 63). The last and most important criterion that makes Creon a more tragic hero than Antigone is that Creon’s actions arouse pity and fear from the audience while Antigone’s actions do not. From the beginning the audience recognizes that Creon has committed the most egregious mistake possible by forbidding the citizens of Thebes from burying the dead body of Polynices , an act that defies the laws of the gods and of humanity (Sophocles 60). However, because of his hubris Creon could not see his error. For this reason, the audience has pity for Creon, for no one can defy the gods and be able to avoid the consequence. The audience also has a fear for Creon because of his unpredictability. If he is not afraid of the gods, then what else he is capable of or willing to do to â€Å"protect his royal rights. † (Sophocles 98). So when Creon finally realizes his error and accepts his fate, the audience gets relieved and elated. In contrast, Antigone’s actions do not arouse pity and fear from the audience. Because the purpose of her actions is to obey the gods, she acts like a saint. For this reason, the audience has sympathy for her suffering and not pity. And there is no reason to have fear for a saintly person. Despite the play being named after Antigone, Creon is the tragic hero of the story because he has a more complete set of tragic elements in his character. Generally, it is more tempting for reader to choose Antigone as the tragic hero because she is the protagonist and a good person who is obedient to the gods, unlike Creon who is defiant to the laws of the gods making him a bad person in the story. However, an antagonist can be the tragic hero just as a bad person can be the main character in a movie, so as long as the bad person has the main role and is involved in more parts of the story. In this context, Creon does fit the role of a tragic hero, since he seems to be at the center of all conflicts: Creon vs. the gods, Creon vs. Antigone, Creon vs. Haemon, Creon vs. Tiresias, Creon vs. Eurydice, and Creon vs. the sentry. Finally, with many readers repudiating his actions, Creon seems to have a conflict with the audience as well.

Emily dickinson 5

Emily dickinson 5 Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born on December 10,1830 in the quiet community of Amherst, Massachusetts (Davidson 247). She was the second born to Edward and Emily Norcross Dickinson (Davidson 247). Her older brother Austin and her younger sister Lavina lived in a reserved family headed by their authoritative father (Davidson 247). Emily's mother was not "emotionally accessible," thought out there lives (Davidson 247). Their parents weren't involved in their children's lives. One thing that their parents did do was raise there children with the Chistian tradition (Chase 28). They were expected to take up their father's religious beliefs and values without any argument. Emily though did not fit in with her father's religion and as she got older challenged these conventional religious viewpoints of her father and his church (Chase 28). Here put more stuff about why she did not except the Puritan God and why because of this you saw it in her writing (on page 12-? In Aiken).Photo of the Dickinson Homestead taken in October ...Her father was also an influential politician in Massachusetts holding powerful positions (Johnson 26). Due to this her family was very prominent in Amherst. Emily did not enjoy the popularity and excitement of her public life in Amherst. So she began to withdraw from the town, her family and friends (Johnson 29). This private life that she lived gave her, her own private society. She refused to see almost everyone that came to visit and rarely left her father's house (Johnson 31).In Emily's writing changed over the years due to events in her life. Most of her writing was about nature, friends, love and almost a third of her poems dealt with the subject of death (Ferlazzo 22). I'm going to focus my paper on the topic of death. A lot of Dickinson's life was in morning the deaths...

Differences between both Sakuntala's (Kalidasa versus Mahabarata Research Paper

Differences between both Sakuntala's (Kalidasa versus Mahabarata version) - Research Paper Example The interpretation of Karma theory is simple and straightforward. ‘Every action has the reaction and the intensity of the reaction is in proportion to the intensity of the action.’ No dispute exists between the scientists and the spiritualists as for this issue. So, Sakuntala and Dushyanta are both the victims of their past deeds and they had to suffer the fated consequences of separation. Kalidasa generously uses flowers and trees to describe his women characters. Bee and deer are used as metaphors to highlight the activities and amorous adventures of the King. In Act I, the King is compared to a bee that is out to suck honey from the flowers, in this case the one and the only flower, Sakuntala. Sakuntala is not accustomed to such attacks from the bee. Initially she wonders why the bee has left the Jasmine vine and now tries to fly to her face. As the bee is persistent in flying towards her, she turns her bewitching eyes swiftly to watch the bee’s flight. Not out of love, but due to fright. But this bee is bold, and seems as if he has come to conquer her. He reaches out to her eyelids, then cheek and gently buzzing around, he whispers some sweet nothings into her ear. She tries to ward off the bee, but he strikes at her hand and steals a kiss. The King is so much enamored of Sakuntala that he wishes that she should accompany him. Sakuntala is awfully afraid and thinks that her virginity is in peril. She cries out to her friends to save her from the dreadful bee. This bee episode appears in act I. The story of Sakuntala appears in the 'Adiparva' chapter of the epic Mahabharata. â€Å"Sakuntala from the Mahabarata version is confident, outspoken and independent in nature, whereas the Sakuntala from Kalidasa's "The Recognition of Sakuntala" is displayed as quiet, immature (romantic), and dependent.† Sakuntala of Mahabharata: â€Å"The two Sakuntalas are a good example of the change in characterization of a heroine. The Sakuntala of the Mahabharata stands her ground and speaks up for her right. Kalidasa’s Sakuntala does try to argue her case, but it is not her independence or the power of her words which we remember.†(Rustomji, p.45) When Sakuntala reached the court of Dushyanta, he took a defensive posture. Rather he was trying to defend the indefensible. He pleaded with her that no one knew about their association. Dushyanta presented before Sakuntala his queer logic that women were capable of enticing men to achieve their objective and he further argued that his people would conclude that she did the same thing to trap him and demand that her son should become the crown prince, which was part of her game plan. So, Dushyanta said that he did not admit to the marriage immediately and denied any association with her. He was clearly taking the defensive position as Sakuntala could not be browbeaten by his barbs. She reminded him about his promise and put forth her demand with all the confidence and wit h adamancy. Dushyanta remembered everything but shamelessly denied knowing her or having married her in Gandharva style. In such a grim situation anybody would turn cynical. She was about to faint, but regained her composure to launch a verbal attack on Dushyanta, for which she had

World History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

World History - Essay Example The series of revolutions saw rise of the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783, leading to independence of America hence formation of the United States of America (USA) from British colonization. These revolutionary wars a protest against the tyrannical rule of the British and were led by General Washington and his army. The French Revolution also emanated during this period between 1789 and 1799 in which absolute monarchies were replaced by democracies and republics hence strengthening of France (Strayer, 2013). Although causes of the French revolution are still debatable up to date, issues revolving around taxation schemes and inequality were dominant factors. Napoleonic wars took center stage and the fall of major monarchies set stage for modern nations sparking new revolutions such as in Russia. The period between 1790 and 1804 saw the rise of Haitian Revolution leading to the independence of Haiti. Haitian Revolution is quite significant in the world history especially since it was the only slave revolution that experienced victory and led to formation of an independent state. The revolution had begun with the black African slaves who opposed the French leadership and after years of struggle defeated the French at the Battle of Vertià ¨res in 1903. All the revolutions that sprung during Atlantic Revolution period were arguably facilitated by the knowledge and need of sovereignty and freedom. As such, the revolutions were mostly orchestrated by the emergent elite group of people in the various societies that saw the need for equality and that no particular group of people deserved to be oppressed. Moreover, attempts to exert more oppression invoked the need for democratic leadership where people choose leaders from among themselves. Additionally, people realized that there was power inherent in unity and will of the people capable to change the course of leadership. For example, the French went

Reflective Analysis of Viva Voce

Reflective Analysis of Viva Voce Introduction Viva voce and a reflection, both a requirement for successful completion of the course. For somebody not used to this form of assessment process, it is just but normal to ask oneself what? , why? and how?. Although a brief and complete orientation, description and information was provided in the early part of the curriculum, it is only in the end that I have fully understand its significance to my learning. Through the viva voce and a reflective writing that I was able to evaluate myself in terms of what I have learned? (Knowledge), what I can do? (Skills gained), and what I have become? (Attitude)†¦ A competent practitioner. A highlight that I have to address in the Intensive Care Course. For it is in a reflective practise that we gain new understanding and appreciation (Mann et al. 2009). Description This is a reflective piece about my viva voce that revolves around my care of a 73 year old male referred to as Mr X, 6 hours post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. As he became hemodynamically compromised, I have discussed Mr. X’s assessment in relation to a normal physiological compensatory mechanism involve and the care given. Review of Mr. X history sheet and assessment details found in appendix 1, was suggestive of hypovolemic shock as further supported by his clinical symptoms. Clinically, it can be classified as mild, moderate or severe (Kelly, 2005). This leads to organ hypoperfusion characterized by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, decrease cardiac output and high Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) as a result of hypovolaemia. It can be due to excessive fluid loss such as haemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhoea, burns or inadequate fluid intake (Adam and Osborne, 2005). Strengths and Areas for Development Stress and anxiety, is always a major predicament that I had been most worried about. I have tried to alleviate this from reading, rehearsing and any other form of preparation needed one would have conceived about. In the end, the anticipation that your next, was the most gruelling. I believe, I was in its entirety at best well prepared, organized and chronological in my presentation of points and information with some hiccups along the way but acceptable although can be overall improve given the situation. Upon presentation of Mr. X’s assessment details and laboratory result, and concluded hypovolaemia as a cause of haemodynamic compromise based on supporting evidences, I, at some point, preceded in the discussion of physiological responses as a result of decrease in cardiac output. This is due to decrease in circulating blood volume. His Haemoglobin level was acceptable and there is no signs of active bleeding. During my discussion, I have mentioned about how low circulating blood volume results in decrease End Diastolic Volume (EDV). This stimulates the baroreceptors located at the aortic arch and carotid sinuses to send signal to the medullary centre of the brain which in turn causes the release of adrenalin and noradrenalin by the action of the adrenal medulla (Jevon and Evens, 2008). This supported why Mr. X is tachycardic. The human body compensates in various ways through the involvement of different organ system working together to establish haemostasis. In renal response I have mentioned the involvement of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System. Not to be exhaustive with information, this involves the release of renin through the action of the juxtaglomerular cells stimulated because of decrease renal blood flow , which in turn is converted to angiotensin 1 by angiotensinogen. Angiotensin 1 is then transformed by the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) predominantly found in the lungs to Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Furthermore, the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes increase in renal sodium and water retention. A surge in osmolarity in the blood stimulates the release of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland. This results in the reabsorption of solute free water in the distal tubules and collecting system of the kidneys and fu rther stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction (McGloin and McLeod, 2010). With the reabsorption of sodium and water, coupled with vasoconstriction the circulating blood volume is improved thus, result in the increase in the end diastolic volume. This improves muscle contraction of the heart and overall the cardiac output. Hence Mr. X low urine output. Although I felt satisfied about my presentation of cardiac and renal responses to a decrease in cardiac output, my explanation in regards to metabolic acidosis more specifically in the aspect of cellular anaerobic metabolism was somehow lacking in its content. Glucose being a major carbohydrate, is a fuel used by cells in our body. Its metabolism travels through a pathway called glycolysis with the end product referred to as pyruvate, a three carbon acid. Inside the cell with mitochondria and oxidative metabolism, this is converted completely into Co2 and water known as aerobic glycolysis (Baynes, n.d.). In contrary, lactic acid is the end product of anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the tissues during persistent oxygen deprivation secondary to an insult caused by decrease circulating blood volume, and owerwhelming of the bodies buffering abilities (Gunnerson et. al. 2013). These explains why Mr. X lactate shows an increasing pattern with a base excess noted at – 5.9. Familiarity and consistency in my opinion is my area of development. I need to continually update myself with the ever changing needs of the client more so, of the profession. This includes current research based guidelines and policies. From reading books, journals, articles, new discoveries or trends in the field of critical care. More importantly, to continue to look after haemodynamically compromised patients to help facilitate maintain and improve a level of my competency and skills in Intensive care nursing. Implication for Practice With the knowledge and skills that I have gained from the viva voce and looking after clients with haemodynamic instability, supported with theory during lectures and mentoring, I am better able to understand what is happening inside the body as is tries to compensates to maintain haemostasis. More importantly, act upon the needs of the patient, and anticipates interventions with rationales for doing so. With the knowledge and skills that I will be bringing back to the unit, I will be able to help enhance the standard of care through mentorship. References Adam, S. K. and Osbourne, S. (2005) Critical Care Nursing: Science and Practice. Second Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Baynes, J. W. (n.d.) Anaerobic Metabolism of Glucose in the Red Blood Cells [online] Available from: http://molar.crb.ucp.pt/cursos/1 º e 2 º Ciclos Lics e Lics com Mests/MD/1 ºANO/2 ºSEM/12-UBA5/TPs/TP1/Baynes Cap11- Metabolismo da Glucose.pdf [Accessed12/12/13] Jevon, P. and Ewens, B. (2008) Monitoring of the Critically Ill Patient. Second Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Kelly, D. M. (2005) Critical Care Nursing. Volume 28, no. 1 pp 2-19. Lippincott. Williams and Williams, inc. Gunnerson, K et al. (2013) Lactic Acidosis[online] Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/167027-overview [Accessed12/12/13] Mann, K., Gordon, J. MacLeod, A. (2009) Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: a systematic review. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Practice, 14(4), 595-621. doi: 10.1007/s10459-007-9090-2 McGloin, S. and McLeod, A. (2010) Advance Practice in Critical Care – A Case Study Approach. Oxford. Blackwell Publishing Appendix 1 On the start of the shift , received a patient in ITU who is 73 years of age, now 6 hours post CABG. He has been weaned off sedation and now ready for extubation. Pre operatively his echo showed good LV. Upon review of his chart showed a blood pressure of 140/60 mmhg. Now fully awake, proceeded with extubation at 20:30. His risk factors are; prev. MI, HTN, DM type 2, high Cholesterol, smoker and TIA x2. At 22:00 his assessment findings are: HR 110- 120 bpm BP 85/55 mmhg MAP 55-60 mmhg CVP 2 Temp. 36.5 Urine output 25mls/ hr ( Weighs 85kg) GCS : E4V4M6 Mediatinal drain 25mls –serosanguineous Bloods: K+ 4.9 mmol/L Na 143 mmol/L Urea 8 mmol/L Creatinine 80 umol/L Hb. 9.0 g/L Hct 35% WBC 8.4 k/ul ABG’s pH 7.29 pCO2 5.54 kPa pO2 18.4 kPa HCO3 19.4 mmol/L BE -5.9 mmol/L Lactate 1.9 mmol/L He is on maintenance fluids of 85ml/hour 5% Dextrose, 2L of geloplasma cautiously given against CVP and eventually started on Noradrenaline to achieve a MAP of 70mmhg.

Microbiological routes for the production

Microbiological Paths For The Production Of Pharmaceutical Products.IntroductionMicrobiological Aspects Of PenicillinRecent publications and primary literature suggest that penicillin is an first-class curative agent which increases its demand for clinical application and chemical surveies. Microbiological production, chemical purification and isolation are major jobs associated with its usage. Penicillin is produced by Penicillium notatum in really infinitesimal measures and its civilizations were investigated for big scale production of penicillin. Cultures of P.notatum tend to spontaneously lose their penicillin-producing ability due to physiological or biochemical devolution. Penicillin activity straight depends upon the nature of strain. It is critical to choose strains of highest authority for maximal penicillin activity. All the strains are different from each other in their penicillin-forming ability. 1. Penicillin production in Penicillium Chrysogenum. Biosynthesis of lysine and Penicillin in Penicillium chrysogenum is regulated by ramifying point intermediate ?-aminoadipate. In penicillin tract, it is condensed with L-valine and L-cysteine to organize tripeptide by ACV synthetase. The internal ?-aminoadipate pool plays a critical function in lysine and penicillin biogenesis. The break of lys2 cistron directs the pool towards penicillin biogenesis ensuing in penicillin over-production. The targeted break was carried out by utilizing two different techniques and their consequence on penicillin production was studied. P.chrysogenum Wis 54-1255 ( low-level penicillin-producing strain ) and P.chrysogenum pyrG1 mutant strains were used in transmutation experiments. P. Chrysogenum L2, a lysine auxotroph was used as a control. Spores of P.chrysogenum were collected from home bases of power medium after holding grown for 5 yearss at 28Â °C. Two plasmids pDL1 and pDL7 which differed in selectable marker and size of DNA part homologous to a im were selected for break of lys2 by a individual crossing over. pDL1 includes ble ( phleomycin opposition ) cistron while pDL7 contains pyrG cistron as a selectable marker. Out of 495 transformants tested, 2 lysine auxotrophs ringers ( TD7-88 and TD7-115 ) were obtained. Both were unable to turn in Czapek medium supplemented with ?-aminoadipic acid while P.chrysogenum L2 ( command strain ) grew. These consequences proved that lys2 cistron is disrupted in TD7-88 and TD7-115 strains. Two plasmids pDL2 and pDL10 were constructed for break of lys2 cistron by dual recombination. Out of 964 transformants tested, merely one lysine auxotroph ( TD10-195 ) was obtained which was unable to turn in ?-aminoadipic acid supplemented Czapek medium. Transformants TD10-195 and TD7-115 were more stable without any reversion rate as compared to TD7-88 with really low degree of stableness. Although the growing of transformants were slower than parental strain in defined medium incorporating 4.0 Mm lys ine, the penicillin degrees were double from those observed in parental strain at 96, 120, and 144 H and threefold higher at 168 H. 2. Penicillin Production by Fungi turning on nutrient merchandises. Many fungous species widely used as commercial starting motors such as P.nalgiovense, P.chrysogenum, P. Verrucosum, P.griseofulvum and P.roqueforti were used to analyse the production of penicillin while turning on nutrient merchandises and presence of penicillin biosynthetic cistrons in Fungi of genus Penicillium. The synthesis of toxic compounds might besides be secreted to nutrient merchandises. All the strains were screened utilizing bio-assaies in both solid and liquid medium with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 as a trial strain to observe penicillin production. Antibacterial activity was found in P.chrysogenum, P.griseofulvum NRRl 2300 and P.nalgiovense. ?-lactamase signifier Bacillus Cereus UL1 was used to prove whether the antibacterial activity was due to penicillin or other substance. Result indicate that antibacterial activity can be attributed to ?-lactam antibiotic penicillin. Agitation of liquid submerged civilizations of P.griseofulvam was carried out to corroborate peni cillin production which proved that P.griseofulvam strain NRRL 2300 had highest production degree. Southern smudge analysis was used to analyze the presence of penicillin biosynthetic cistrons. The presence of penicillin cistron bunch in P.griseofulvum proved that the antibacterial activity observed is due to penicillin. P.griseofulvum which is a possible beginning of penicillin in nutrient merchandises can be often isolated from maize, barley, wheat, flour etc. In instance of P. Verrucosum, the antibacterial activity observed was due to either patulin or penicilic acid as it contains merely one cistron of penicillin cistron bunch. Both patulin or penicilic acid are secondary metabolites produced by different strains of Fungi. In order to obtain safe and high quality nutrient merchandises, antibiotic and toxin production by nutrient micro-organisms should be analysed and studied in item. It besides helps to bring forth modified strains in which the synthesis of toxic compounds can b e eliminated without losing their food-ripening and flavorer belongingss. 3. Production of penicillin in methylotropic barm Hansenula polymorpha. -lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and Mefoxins are largest selling antibiotics against bacterial infections. Industrially, penicillin and Mefoxins are produced by filiform Fungis Penicillium.chrysogenum and Acremonium chrysogenum severally. The chief purpose was to present penicillin biogenesis tract into yeast Hansenula polymorpha as it is more various, easy to manage and cultivate with superior agitation belongingss as compared to filiform Fungis. In penicillin tract, peptide synthetase ?-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase signifiers tripeptide ACV. It is converted into isopenicillin N ( IPN ) by enzyme isopenicillin N synthase ( IPNS ) . The pcbC cistron which encodes IPNS was cloned in H.polymorpha intoxicant oxidase booster in pHIPX4 and integrated at PAOX venue in H.polymorpha genome. A strain ( IPNS 4.2 ) incorporating pcbC look cassette was cultivated at 37Â °C on methyl alcohol medium to bring on PAOX. Wild type H.polymorpha serves as control strain. Aliquots were taken a t regular clip intervals to analyze IPNS protein. Western smudges prepared utilizing rough infusions of H.polymorpha and P.chrysogenum revealed that strain IPNS 4.2 produces an ?-IPNS specific protein. IPNS was produced at all growing temperatures in strain IPNS 4.2. In stationary growing stage, comparatively low IPNS protein degrees were observed in cells grown at 37Â °C. It was assumed that hapless or slow folding of protein at high temperature can be an intrinsic factor. However, IPNS protein was to the full stable and its degree was significantly enhanced at 25Â °C if compared to its production at 37Â °C and 30Â °C.The sum is comparable to highest penicillin bring forthing strains of P.Chrysogenum. Results indicate that penicillin production in heterologus barm was merely successful at decreased growing temperatures. As yeast genome does non encode non – ribosomal peptide synthetases such as ACVs, the following measure will be to infix functionally active ACVS in hete rologus host in order to present full penicillin biogenesis tract in H.polymorpha. 4. Penicillin production in surface civilizations of P.notatum. Two-liter Erlrnmeyer flasks incorporating czapek-Dox medium were inoculated with P.notatum and incubated at 25Â °C. It was tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in alimentary stock by ordinary dilution methods. The pH of the medium fell from 6.5 to 3.0-4.0 and remained low throughout. Neutralized samples showed high antibacterial activity and batches runing from 10 to 100 liters were extracted with amyl ethanoate at pH 2. It was assumed that penicillin in these civilizations existed in non-extractable signifier. The pellicles were thin, without furrows or spores, and liquid with swoon xanthous touch. The antibacterial activity was extractible at pH 2 with organic dissolvers when the medium was supplemented with yeast infusion, brain-heart extract. In brown sugar medium ( dark brown sugar, 2 per cent ; NaNO3, 0.35 ; MgSO4.7 H20, 0.05 ; KCI, 0.05, KH2PO4, 0.15 ; FeSO4.7H20, 0.015 ) growing is more rapid and abundant accompanied by intense xanthous pigmentatio n ( chrysogenin ) as compared to czapek-Dox medium. The sourness falls in early phases from pH 5.5 to 4.5 and so rises to 8.0. Penicillin started roll uping on 5th twenty-four hours with upper limit on the eleventh to the 13th twenty-four hours. Maximum penicillin activity appeared after maximal growing was attained. All the sugar was consumed before maximal penicillin was accumulated. 5. Penicillin production in submersed civilizations of P.notatum. Experiments with submersed civilizations were conducted on machines agitating at rate of 60 to 90rpm, with maximal growing observed over a period of 6 to 10 yearss at 25Â °C. Brown sugar medium was distributed in 80-ml measures in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks and inoculated with a spore suspension of P.notatum, strain 832. The flasks were incubated at 25Â °C on a shaking machine. Growth commenced on the 2nd twenty-four hours with maximal growing appeared as little unit of ammunition pellets of mycelium. Penicillin started roll uping on 3rd or 4th twenty-four hours and reached its maximal value ( 20 to 30 oxford units per milliliter ) on 7th or 8th twenty-four hours. Organic fraction in brown sugar is responsible for penicillin-promoting capacity. Zinc besides had a catalyzing consequence. The shingle or submersed civilization technique provides better aeration as compared to come up civilization. By turning P.notatum strains in shake civilization, variable factors of diffusion and pell icle formation are eliminated, while growing and metabolic procedures are accelerated. Care of an equal O supply is indispensable in the penicillin production in submersed civilizations of P.notatum. 6. Aculeacin A Acylase as an industrial biocatalyst for production of penicillin Aculeacin A Acylase ( AuAAC ) from Actinoplanes utahensis NRRL 12052 catalyzes hydrolyses of acyl medieties of fungicidal antibiotics. As AuAAC was similar to ? -lactam acylase, it was investigated whether AuAAC would act as new ? -lactam acylase. An engineered aac cistron was made and cloned into look vector pEM4. The cistron was amplified by PCR utilizing chromosomal Deoxyribonucleic acid from A. utahensis NRRL 12052. Primers were designed harmonizing to the DNA sequence of aac cistron. Purified PCR merchandises were digested with XbaI and EcoRI endonuclease and cloned into pEM4 vector. The ensuing plasmid was so introduced in S.lividans 1326. The AuAAC output was 21-fold higher in recombinant strain produced by S. Lividans ( pEAAC ) as compared to A.utahensis. Its pureness was determined by Na dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel cataphoresis. The thermic stableness was studied by pre-incubating AAC for 20 min at different temperatures. It was stable up to 50Â °C and so reduced at higher temperature. It was determined that purified recombinant AuAAC is able to hydrolyse penicillin V. The kinetic parametric quantities for hydrolyses of different natural ?-lactam antibiotics were determined to analyze hydrolytic specificity of recombinant AuAAC. The pure recombinant enzyme was incubated with increasing concentrations of penicillins ( V, K, F, dihydroF, and G ) in 100 mM K phosphate buffer, pH 8.0 at 45Â °C for 15 min in 100 Â µl. AuAAC shows the same substrate specificity if compared to penicillin V acylase on natural penicillins. Penicillin K was best substrate for which AuAAC shows highest biomolecular changeless value of 34.79 mM-1 s-1. Result suggest that AuAAC from A.utahensis should be considered as new subfamily of ?-lactam acylases and it should besides be considered as an industrial biocatalyst for production of man-made penicillins.Mentions1. Finch, R. G. , Greenwood, D. , Norrby, S. R. & A ; Whitley, R. J. ( 2003 ) . Antibiotic and Chemotherapy. A nti-infective agents and their usage in therapy. ( 8th ed. ) . New York: Churchill Livingstone. 2. Hutter, R. , Leisinger, T. , Nuesch, J. & A ; Wehrli, W. ( 1978 ) . Antibiotics and Other Secondary Metabolites: Biosynthesis and Production. New York: Academic Press. 3. Flynn, E. H. ( 1972 ) . Cephalosporins and Penicillins.Chemistry and Biology. New York: Academic Press. 4. Casqueiro, J. , Gutierrez, S. , Banuelos, O. , Hijarrubia, M. J. & A ; Martin, J. F. ( 1999 ) . Gene Targeting in Penicillium chrysogenum: Break of the lys 2 Gene Leads to Penicillin Overproduction. Journal of Bacteriology, 181 ( 4 ) , 1181-1188. 5. Laich, F. , Fierro, F. & A ; Martin, J. F. ( 2002 ) . Production of Penicillin by Fungi Turning on Food Merchandises: Designation of a complete Penicillin Gene Cluster in Penicillium griseofulvum and a Truncated Cluster in Penicillium verrucosum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68 ( 3 ) , 1211-1219. 6. Gidijala, L. , Bovenberg R. , Klaassen, P. , Van der Klei, I. J. , Veenhuis, M. & A ; Kiel, J.A. ( 2008 ) . Production of functionally active Penicillium chrysogenum isopenicillin N synthase in the barm Hansenula polymorpha. BMC Biotechnology,29 ( 8 ) , 1472-6750. 7. Torres-Bacete, J. , Hormigo, D. , Stuart, M. , Arroyo, M. , Torres, P. , Castillon, M.P. , et Al. ( 2007 ) . Newly Discovered Penicillin Acylase Activity of Aculeacin A Acylase from Actinoplanes utahensis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,73 ( 16 ) 5378-5381. 8. Sprote, P. , Brakhage, A. A. & A ; Hynes, M. J. ( 2009 ) . Contribution of Peroxisomes to Penicillin Biosynthesis in Aspergillus nidulans. Eukaryotic Cell, 8 ( 3 ) , 421-423.

Business System Analysis and Design Notes

*IS:arrangement of people,data,processes,information technology that interact to collect,process,provide as output the info needed to support the organization. Types of IS: TPS,MIS,decision support system,communications and collaboration system,expert system, office automation system & executive info systemTypes of Stakeholders:System owners (middle and executive managers, supervisors),System users (clinical& service workers,technical and professional workers; suppliers,customers,employees),System Builders (network admin,security admin,data base programmer,system programmer),System Designers (web archs,graphic artists,network architectures),External service provider (sales engineers, technology engineers, system consultants),Project manager,System analyst:is a problem solver,he/she studies business probs and opportunities,then transform them into info that will be used by technical specialists.System analyst:specialist who studies problems and needs of an organization to determine ho w people,data,processes and info technology can best accomplish improvements for the business. Skills by System Analyst:Working knowledge of information technology(The analyst must be aware of both existing and emerging information technologies),Computer programming, experience and expertise,General business knowledge,General problem-solving skills,Good interpersonal communication skills,Good interpersonal relations skills,Flexibility and adaptability,Character and ethics. Info sys architecture:provides a foundation for organizing various components of any info sys you care to develop. a unifying framework into which various stakeholders with different perspectives can organize and view the fundamental building blocks of information systems. Views of knowledge System owners view: Interested not in raw data but in information. (Business entities and business rules) System users’view: View data as something recorded on forms,stored in file cabinets,recorded in books and spreads heets,or stored on computer.Focus on business issues as they pertain to data. Data requirement System designers’ view: Data structures,database schemas,fields,indexes,and constraints of particular database management system (DBMS). System builders’ view: SQL,DBMS or other data technologies Views of process System owners’view:Concerned with high-level processes called business functions.A cross-functional information system System users’view:Concerned with work that must be performed to provide the appropriate responses to business events. Business processes,Process requirements,Policy,Procedure, Work flow System designers’view:Concerned with which processes to automate and how to automate them. Software specifications System builders’view:Concerned with programming logic that implements automated processes. Application program,Prototyping Views of communication System owners’ view: Who? Where? What?System users’ view: Concerne d with the information system’s inputs and outputs. System designers’ view: Concerned with the technical design of both the user and the system-to-system communication interfaces. System builders’ view: Concerned with the construction, installation, testing and implementation of user and system-to-system interface solutions *Basic principles of system development: Get the system users involved. Use a problem-solving approach. Establish phases and activities. Document through development. Establish standards.Manage the process and projects. Justify systems as capital investments. Don’t be afraid to cancel or revise scope. Divide and conquer. Design systems for growth and change. The need to improve: Performance Info Eco/controlcosts Control/Security Efficiency Service Phases for system development: scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, decision analysis, physical designand integration, construction and testing, installa tion and delivery. Cross life-cycle activity: Fact-finding, Documentation and presentation Documentation, Presentation, Repository), Feasibility analysis, Process and project management Routes through the basic systems development phases: model driven development strategies (process, data, object modeling), Rapid application development (RAD), commercial application package implementation, system maintenance *Benefits of use case modeling: Provides tool for capturing functional requirements. Assists in decomposing system into manageable pieces. Provides means of communicating with users/stakeholders concerning system functionality in language they understand.Provides means of identifying, assigning, tracking, controlling, and management system development activities. Provides aid in estimating project scope, effort, and schedule. The relationships that can appear on a use-case model diagram: Use case association relationship, extension use case, abstract use case, depends on, inheri tance Use case – a behaviorally related sequence of steps (scenario), both automated and manual, for the purpose of completing a single business task.Steps for preparing a use-case model: Identify business actors. Identify business use cases. Construct use-case model diagram. Documents business requirements use-case narratives *Data modeling(database modeling)–a technique for organizing and documenting a system’s data. Data Modeling Concepts:Entity(class of persons, places, objects, events, or concepts about which we need to capture and store data),Attribute(descriptive property or characteristic of an entity.Synonyms include element, property and field), Data type(property of an attribute that identifies what type of data can be stored in that attribute),Domain(a property of an attribute that defines what values an attribute can legitimately take on),Default value(the value that will be recorded if a value is not specified by the user),Key(an attribute, or a gr oup of attributes, that assumes a unique value for each entity instance. It is sometimes called an identifier),Subsetting criteria(an attribute whose finite values divide all entity instances into useful subsets.Sometimes called an inversion entry),Relationship(a natural business association that exists between one or more entities),Cardinality(the minimum and maximum number of occurrences of one entity that may be related to a single occurrence of the other entity),Degree(the number of entities that participate in the relationship),Recursive relationship(a relationship that exists between instances of the same entity),Foreign key(a primary key of an entity that is used in another entity to identify instances of a relationship),Parent entity(a data entity that contributes one or more attributes to another entity, called the child.In a one-to-many relationship the parent is the entity on the â€Å"one† side),Child entity(a data entity that derives one or more attributes from a nother entity, called the parent.In a one-to-many relationship the child is the entity on the â€Å"many† side),Nonidentifying relationship(relationship where each participating entity has its own independent primary key), Identifying relationship – relationship in which the parent entity’ key is also part of the primary key of the child entity,Generalization(a concept wherein the attributes that are common to several types of an entity are grouped into their own entity),Nonspecific relationship(relationship where many instances of an entity are associated with many instances of another entity.Also called many-to-many relationship) ,Sample CASE Tool Notations Entity relationship diagram (ERD):a data model utilizing several notations to depict data in terms of the entities and relationships described by that data. Logical Model Development Stages:1Context Data model(Includes only entities and relationships;To establish project scope). 2Key-based data model(Elimin ate nonspecific relationships;Add associative entities;Include primary and alternate keys;Precise cardinalities). Fully attributed data model(All remaining attributes;Subsetting criteria). 4Normalized data model Normalize a logical data model to remove impurities that can make a database unstable, inflexible, and nonscalable. First normal form (1NF):entity whose attributes have no more than one value for a single instance of that entity,Any attributes that can have multiple values actually describe a separate entity, possibly an entity and relationship.Second normal form (2NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are dependent on the full primary key,Any nonkey attributes dependent on only part of the primary key should be moved to entity where that partial key is the full key,May require creating a new entity and relationship on the model. Third normal form (3NF):entity whose nonprimary-key attributes are not dependent on any other non-primary key attributes. *Model:pictorial rep resentation of reality.Logical model:nontechnical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does. Physical model:technical pictorial representation that depicts what a system is or does and how the system is implemented Process modeling:a technique used to organize and document a system’s processes. (Flow of data through processes,Logic,Policies,Procedures) Data flow diagram (DFD):a process model used to depict the flow of data through a system and the work or processing performed by the system.Synonyms are bubble chart, transformation graph, and process model. The DFD has also become a popular tool for business process redesign. Processes on DFDs can operate in parallel (at-the-same-time). DFDs show the flow of data through a system. Processes on a DFD can have dramatically different timing (daily, weekly, on demand) Context data flow diagram:a process model used to document the scope for a system. Also called the environmental model. Think of the system as a â€Å"black box. â€Å"2Ask users what business transactions the system must respond to. These are inputs, and the sources are external agents. 3Ask users what responses must be produced by the system. These are outputs, and the destinations are external agents. 4Identify any external data stores, if any. 5Draw a context diagram. Decomposition diagram:a tool used to depict the decomposition of a system. Also called hierarchy chart.

World Powers Should Focus On Eradicating Water Pollution

Did you know that 1.5 billion people in the world do not have safe drinking water? What if you were one of those unfortunate people? (Elements of Earth Science). Everyone needs to be informed in the matter. For instance, many people are being affected such as China, The United States of America, Australia, and other world powers. These world powers should focus on eradicating water pollution, which will eliminate many health risks that society and the environment faces. Water pollution is affecting many forms of life directly and indirectly throughout the globe; likewise, it can be disastrous for the future generations. For example, one of the most disastrous and harmful â€Å"types of† pollution deal with the factor of it being direct†¦show more content†¦Rain is a main factor to indirect pollution; specifically it is one of the most common causes that has harmed the environment. There are two main factors that make rain a main indirect pollutant. One example is that rain can wash pesticides into the streams and waters, harming more life. Rain can also be mixed with carbon dioxide, thus, when it rains. it creates acid rain, which can be harmful for trees and plants; likewise, it also can kill other fish and mammals. Rain is the not the problem though, it is the people who are making rain contribute to the problem (Elements of Earth Science). Pollution has been harming the environment just as it has been harming the human population. China has had to deal with many issues with the water that they are provided with. The China Pig Spill dealt with the slaughter and illegal dumping of diseased pigs, in which the authorities had to go fishing for 16,000 carcasses (Vorosmarty). China also had to deal with many polluted waters from all the contamination. 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